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This document describes Guile-Web by Clinton Ebadi
This document applies to version 0.5.0 of the library named Guile-Web
Copyright 2003,2004,2005 Clinton Ebadi
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
| 1. Introduction | ||
| 2. Hash-Dash reader extension | ||
| 3. Session Management | ||
| 4. Object Serialization | ||
| 5. Miscellaneous Database Tools | ||
| 6. XHtml Generation | ||
| 7. Page Templates | ||
| A. GNU Free Documentation License |
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Guile-web is a set of modules for Guile Scheme intended to make programming web applications in Guile easier. Guile-web is not intended to be used alone; rather as a supplement to guile-www (see section `Guile-WWW Manual' in Guile-WWW). Guile-web adds higher level concepts like session management to Scheme web programming.
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(web hash-dash) Module
Scripts often time need to echo large amounts of static html. Doing
this with Scheme display is extremely tedious, so guile-web
provides the #- reader extension to do this. To use it you put
a #- followed by as many lines of text as you want with a
-# at the end of the text block. This reader extension will
return the text block as a string. For example:
;;; output page header
(define (header title)
(for-each display
(list
#-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>-# title #-</title>
</head>
-#))
)
(header "foobar")
|
That will create a xhtml 1.0 header.
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(web session) Module
Session Management is a powerful tool that makes web programming much
easier if you are doing authentication. I won't go into the details of
what a session is here, look on Google for that (or send me an email
telling me to put a blurb on it here if you really want it in the
manual). You must call session:start before you output
any other headers. You also must call
session:save before you exit your script or else
ALL changes to the session will be LOST.
session:start#t
if a new session is successfully created or the old one is restored
and #f if something fails (e.g. headers have already been
sent).
session:save
session:destroy#t if the session is successfuly
destroyed and #f if something fails (e.g. a session doesn't
currently exist).
session:set-save-path! pathsession:start.
session:set-cookie-name! namesession:start.
session:register-var name valuename (which must be a symbol)
with the current session and sets it's value to
value. value is serialized using serialize from
the object serialization module, See section Object Serialization. Not all data types can be serialized; if a type is not
supported you will have to write a serializer and deserializer for
it. This returns #t if name is succesfully registered
and #f on failure (e.g. name has already been
registered).
session:unregister-var namename. Returns #t
if name is succesfully unregistered; #f otherwise
(e.g. name is not a valid session variable).
session:alter-var! name new-valuename is set to new-value. This
return #t if name is succesfully set to
new-value.
session:get-value namename. This returns the value of name on success and
"" on failure.
session:var-exists? namename exists. If it does,
#t is returned; otherwise #f is returned.
An easy way to to ensure that the session is saved if you are using
scripts that execute and exit is to add session:save to the
exit-hook hook.
(add-hook! exit-hook session:save) |
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(web serialize) Module
When you serialize an object you transform the object into a representation suitable for storing in a file (usually). The serialize module exports several functions for serializing and unserializing GOOPS objects. Note that every SMOB has a GOOPS class associated with it once GOOPS is loaded (?).
Note that this module is really meant for internal usage by the session mananger, but since you have to add your own serializers for user defined types, I figured I may as well may the entire API public (someone might find it useful).
%serialize (item <type>) serial-table%serialize for every type you want
to serialize, except for the built in types which already have
serializers or any GOOPS class. Simply (define-method (%serialize
(item <type>))) to create your new serializer. The serialize must
produce a dotted pair in the form (type . value). E.g. a
<number> is serialized as (<number>
. value). type is the symbolic representation of the
type. %serialize must return the serialized object as an sobject
to the caller. This can be done by using object->sobject
(e.g. (object->sobject (cons 'type value))). Note that the
default GOOPS %serialize method may not do what you want it too. You
can customize your object serialization like you would with any part
of the standard GOOPS MOP. serial-table is used interally by
other procedures that you may have to use.
@serialize item serial-table@serialize on the items contained within your container. Simple
call @serialize on each item, passing along the
serial-table given to %serialize.
unserializeserialized-data and
return it.
add-unserializer type unserializertype. The function
unserializer takes two arguments which are the value
member of the serialized data and the serial-table. E.g. take
the serialized data "(<number> . 45)"; unserializer will
be passed 45 and a hash table containing partially unserialized
data as its argument. unserializer must return the unserialized
object.
@unserialize item serial-table@serialize on
each member of the container during serialization, you must call
@unserialize on each item.
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(web db) Module
These are only useful if you are using SimpleSQL, available from
http://guile-simplesql.sourceforge.net/. (Maybe this module will
be merged into it). The problem with simplesql is that it returns a
list of vectors that is very difficult to use. This module defines a
set of procedures that converts the result of a simplesql-query
into a much nicer form. We will call this data type an assoc.
db:res->assoc resultsimplesql-query into the form
used by the module. This returns the new assoc.
db:numrows? assoc
db:fetch-row assoc row-numrow-num in assoc.
db:get hash-table keykey in the hash
table hash-table. key is a symbol that is the name of
the row in the query (e.g. the row named "foo" becomes the key
'foo).
If you would like to iterate over the result you can use
array-for-each and array-map (or any of the other array
functions) because a vector is simply an array of rank 1. I decided to
use a vector instead of a list for this because it is more
efficient for this (e.g. the result is constant, the number of rows
may be very large and accessing a large numbered row is constant time
for the vector and O(N) time for a list, etc.).
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(web xhtml) Module
Being able to generate correct HTML is a useful thing, so I have written a set of procedures for generating xhtml 1.0 documents. Note that correctness isn't entirely forced; you can, for example, put an inline element in a place where only a block level element is valid; but it does make generating a xhtml document somewhat easier.
There are two ways to use the html module: with the global instance or
by specifying your own instance. If you use your own object, you must
make a <html-document>, which takes these keyword arguments:
#:port The port to display output to
#:attributes Default attribute values for all tags
#:attributes is a list of lists that specify the default values
for all tag attributes, e.g. ((style "special style") (class
"magic")).
xhtml:print <document> expression ...
To display data generated by the various tag procedures, you use
xhtml:print. If the first argument is a <html-document> all
of the tags will output using the default port for that object and use
the default attribute values for that object as well. If the first
argument is not a <html-document>, then the expressions will be
printed to the output port of the global <html-document> which is
the (current-output-port) of the dynamic root you are in (there
is also one global <html-document> per dynamic root).
xhtml:tags tags ...
If you need to use more than one tag where normally only one can be
used, simply pass them all to xhtml:tags. This is useful if you wish
to xhtml:print multiple tags which are on the same level in the
document heirarchy as the others.
xhtml:tagname <#:atts attributes> <contained tags>
xhtml:tagname-start <#:atts attributes>
xhtml:tagname-end
All tags have a producedure named xhtml:tagname. If the tag
is non-empty, this may tag any number of forms to be printed inside of
the tag as arguments, including other tags. Also is the tag is
non-empty, there are -start and -end procedures defined to spit out the
start and end tags of the tag. If a tag is empty, it may not contain any
other data. All tags take an optinal #:atts keyword argument that
contains a list of lists that specify the attributes for the tag in the
form ((attribute-name-as-a-symbol "attribute value in a string")
...). The start tag also supports this, the end tag doesn't. You must
print the output of all the tag function with xhtml:print.
All documents should begin with a call to xhtml:dtd which returns
the DTD for the document. Its #:atts argument takes one member:
encoding which is the encoding of the document. This defaults to
"iso-8859-1".
Available tags:
a
abbr
acroynym
address
area
alt Default Value: "AREA"
base
bdo
dir Default Value: "ltr"
big
blockquote
body
br
button
caption
center
cite
code
col
colgroup
dd
del
dfn
div
dl
dt
em
fieldset
form
action Default Value: "!!unset!!"
frame
frameset
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
h6
head
hr
html
xml:lang Default Value: "en"
lang Default Value: "en"
i
iframe
img
src Default Value: ""
alt Default Value: "[unset alt text]"
input
ins
kbd
label
legend
li
link
map
name Default Value: "name unset"
meta
content Default Value: "content unset"
noframes
noscript
object
ol
optgroup
label Default Value: "label unset"
option
p
param
name Default Value: "unset name"
pre
q
samp
script
type Default Value: "text/javascript"
select
small
span
strong
style
type Default Value: "text/css"
sub
sup
table
tbody
td
textarea
rows Default Value: "20"
cols Default Value: "20"
tfoot
th
thead
title
tr
tt
ul
var
An example:
(use-modules (web html)
(web hash-dash))
(display "Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n")
(force-output (current-output-port))
(xhtml:print
(xhtml:dtd
(xhtml:html-start)))
(xhtml:print
(xhtml:head
(xhtml:title "MOO")))
(xhtml:print
(xhtml:body-start)
(xhtml:h1 "tra la la!")
(xhtml:p
#- Moo moo moooooooooo. I am so cool.
Multiple lines are so great.
All will fear my elite! -#
(xhtml:br)
#- This is where the second line begins. -#)
(xhtml:body-end)
(xhtml:html-end))
|
There is another procedure, xhtml:tag-tree->shtml tag
which accepts a tag as its argument and return the tag tree in shtml
(a subset of SXML used by HtmlPrag).
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(web template) Module
Languages like PHP allow one to embed code within a document. The solution used by PHP isn't really optimal; guile-web uses a slightly better method of page templates. A page template is just a document with a bit of special formatting to make calls to various template procedures. This is somewhat similar to Perl's Mason module but is currently much more limited.
Scheme procedures:
template:parse command-table port, reads from
port and looks for template procedure calls. Procedures are
supplied in command-table which is a hash table of symbol and
procedure pairs. template:parse returns a list of strings that
represent non-template portions of the port along with any data
returned by template calls. The list can then be processed however one
chooses (e.g. a simple parse-and-display script could (for-each
display (template:parse ...))). This will call template:error
when an error occurs.
template:error fmt . args, Whenever an error
occurs, template:parse calls this procedure with a format
string (fmt) usable by simple-format along with the
args to simple-format. Anything returned by this
procedure will end up in the list returned by
template:parse. By default this throws an error with the key
'web:format:error.
template:set-error-handler error-handler, use this
to override the default template:error procedure. This returns
the current error handling procedure.
To make a template call from a template, you encase the call in square brackets ([ and ]). The call is merely a procedure call that is expected to return some data that is substituted into the page at that point. If a double [[ is found it will be inserted into the output stream as a single [; a double ]] can be used inside of a template call to pass a literal ] to the procedure.
An example script that parses a page:
;;; page.scm
(use-modules (web template))
(let
(
;; open template
(my-file (open-input-file "page.tmpl"))
;; Create a command table
(my-procs (make-hash-table 10))
;; Output port
(page-out (open-output-file "page.out")))
;; Initialize command table
(hash-set! my-procs 'comment
(lambda args ""))
(hash-set! my-procs 'cool
(lambda (who)
(string-append who "is cool")))
(hash-set! my-procs 'add +)
;; Parse page and write it to page.out
(for-each (lambda (x) (display x page-out))
(template:parse my-procs my-file))
(close-port page-out))
|
The page used by the script:
[comment page.tmpl] Tra la la! [[This will be inside of square brackets] 2 + 2 = [add 2 2]. I think that [cool Clinton]! He has a Camaro and wrote Guile-Web so he deserves mad props. Only he's not a hip-hop kid so he doesn't think that 2 + 2 = [add 2 3] or anything. Yeah. Also, this example really isn't that great. [comment Since comment is a multi-argument procedure, I can put whatever I want in here as long as it is a valid piece of Scheme data.] |
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| [Top] | [Contents] | [Index] | [ ? ] |
1. Introduction
2. Hash-Dash reader extension
3. Session Management
4. Object Serialization
5. Miscellaneous Database Tools
6. XHtml Generation
7. Page Templates
A. GNU Free Documentation License
A.0.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
| [Top] | [Contents] | [Index] | [ ? ] |
1. Introduction
2. Hash-Dash reader extension
3. Session Management
4. Object Serialization
5. Miscellaneous Database Tools
6. XHtml Generation
7. Page Templates
A. GNU Free Documentation License
| [Top] | [Contents] | [Index] | [ ? ] |
| Button | Name | Go to | From 1.2.3 go to |
|---|---|---|---|
| [ < ] | Back | previous section in reading order | 1.2.2 |
| [ > ] | Forward | next section in reading order | 1.2.4 |
| [ << ] | FastBack | beginning of this chapter or previous chapter | 1 |
| [ Up ] | Up | up section | 1.2 |
| [ >> ] | FastForward | next chapter | 2 |
| [Top] | Top | cover (top) of document | |
| [Contents] | Contents | table of contents | |
| [Index] | Index | concept index | |
| [ ? ] | About | this page |
where the Example assumes that the current position is at Subsubsection One-Two-Three of a document of the following structure: